temple – GOPS Creativ

THE GREAT LIVING CHOLA TEMPLES, PART 3 of 3 : DARASURAM (தாராசுரம்)

The Chola Dynasty, which thrived from 300 BC to 1279 CE in Southern India, were devout followers of Shaivism and ardent supporters of arts, literature, and poetry. The Chola Kings, also known as “சோழர்” in Tamil, held a significant position among the rulers of India. They were renowned for constructing numerous Shiva Temples across the world, many of which still stand today. The collection of three remarkable architectural wonders, known as ‘The Great Living Chola Temples,’ were constructed by the Chola Kings and can still be found in Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram, and Darasuram in Tamil Nadu. These temples stand out for their distinctive Dravidian architecture and exceptional artistic craftsmanship. The Brihadeeswarar temple ( Read about it here ) , also known as the Big Temple or Peruvudaiyar Kovil, situated in Thanjavur, was completed in 1010 AD by Emperor Raja Raja Chola I (985–1014 AD). This magnificent temple, which celebrated its 1000th anniversary in 2010, is among the largest temples in India and has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Monument. Rajendra Chola-I (1012-1044 AD), the son of the renowned Rajaraja-I, expanded the kingdom as far as the Ganga River in the North and earned the title Gangaikondacholan. He was a […]

Oct 28

by GOPAN NAIR in Indian architecture & Heritage 9 comments tags: architecture, blog, buddha, buddhism, buddhist, caves, cut, elephanta, ellora, ferry, gateway, gharapuri mural, gop.org, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, heritage, hindu, hinduism, india, MUMBAI, of, photography, rock, shiva, shrine, site, temple, Temples, tourism, unesco, WORLD

EXQUISITE ELEPHANTA CAVES

The relentless bombardment from the artillery persisted for weeks and months, despite the absence of any actual enemies in the vicinity. Surprisingly, it was the Portuguese soldiers who were using the cannons to target the imposing rock sculptures in Elephanta Caves as part of their training exercises. Reflecting on the historical timeline of explorations, invasions, and colonization, it becomes evident that bloodshed and devastation were the unwelcome companions of each successful event. Descendants of the ruthless invaders who reduced the treasures of a magnificent country to mere rubble and sand should feel remorseful for the actions of their ancestors. While we proudly extol the rich culture and heritage of India, it is disheartening that these distressing truths are frequently overlooked. The ancient island kingdom near Mumbai harbour was known as Gharapuri, which translates to ‘City of Caves’ in Marathi. Evidence of early settlement dating back to the 2nd century BC can still be seen on this little island. For travelers in Mumbai, it offers a quick escape from the bustling city life. The island is made up of two small hillocks on its eastern and western sides, separated by a narrow ravine. Carved caves and sculptures made of Basalt rock, […]

Sep 09

by GOPAN NAIR in travel, Wonders of Nature 4 comments tags: agumbe, bangalore, chikmagalur, forest, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, gops.org, hills, karnataka, king cobra, Kundadry, rain, rain forest, research, sringeri, temple, trek, trip, udupi, village, Vishveshwarayya

ANOTHER RAINY DAY IN AGUMBE

The earthy aroma that wafts into the air when rain kisses the dry soil after a prolonged dry spell, known as ‘petrichor,’ holds a captivating allure. This delightful fragrance, stemming from the Greek words ‘Petra’ (stone) and ‘Ichor’ (the fluid flowing through the veins of Gods), is deeply intertwined with our ancestral reverence for rain as a life-giving force. Scientifically, this phenomenon occurs as raindrops stir the earth’s pores, releasing minuscule bubbles of plant oils, bacteria, and ozone into the atmosphere. While excessive ozone can pose risks to human health, the amount released during this enchanting event is negligible, allowing us to relish the revitalizing essence of petrichor without concern. I believe we’re straying from our main topic. Let’s shift our focus to places where rain is a daily occurrence. In the northeastern part of India, there’s ‘Cherrapunji’, which was previously known as the wettest place on Earth and still holds the Guinness Book record for the highest recorded rainfall in a location. Nestled in the heart of the Western Ghats, the lesser-known gem of ‘Agumbe’ has earned the title of the ‘Cherrapunji of South India’ owing to its intimate relationship with rainfall. The lush tropical rainforest of Agumbe is […]

Oct 22

by GOPAN NAIR in Indian architecture & Heritage, travel 4 comments tags: ajanta, architecture, aurangabad, blog, buddha, buddhism, buddhist, caves, cut, ellora, gop.org, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, heritage, hindu, hinduism, india, jain, jaina, Kailasa, Kailasanatha, Kailasha, monastery, mural, photography, river, rock, site, temple, Temples, tourism, USESCO, WORLD

ENCHANTING ELLORA

The Ellora Cave Complex, located 29 kilometers North-West of Aurangabad, a prominent city situated 300 kilometers away from Mumbai in India, is a fascinating historical site. Originally known as Elapura, the complex consists of temples and monasteries dedicated to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism, dating back to between 600-1000 AD. Carved out of volcanic basalt rock, this extraordinary group of caves showcases the rich religious and cultural history of the region. Although a hundred caves have been discovered, only 34 are currently accessible to the public, offering a glimpse into the ancient heritage of the area. Long ago, the Deccan plateau was shaped by ancient volcanic activity, as molten lava cooled and solidified into layers of basaltic rock. Evidence of early human settlements dating back thousands of years has been discovered in this region, indicating its historical significance. Ellora’s strategic location near a prominent trade route, dating back to the Satavahana dynasty (271 BC to 30 BC), likely contributed to its continual inhabitation and preservation unlike the nearby Ajanta caves. While the exact construction period remains unknown, it is believed that the remarkable architecture of Ellora was a legacy of King Krishna#1 of the Rashtrakuta dynasty (760 AD). Detailed descriptions of […]

Jun 01

by GOPAN NAIR in Indian architecture & Heritage, travel 10 comments tags: achyutharaya, ancient, anegondi, anegundi, Anjanadri, Bali, birth, blog, boulder, bukka, cave, dynasty, Gagan Mahal, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, gops.org, hakka, hampi, Hanuman, Hazararama, hill, india, karnataka, Kishkinda, Kishkindha, krishnadevaraya, mathanga, Onake Kindi, paintings, Pampa Sarovar, photography, place, Ramayana, Rishimuka, ruins, Shabari, Sugreeva, Sugriva, temple, tungabhadra, Vali, Vali Quila, Vijayanagara, vittala

THE RIVER AND BEYOND… ANEGUNDI

Let’s take a journey back in time as we explore the history spanning over 5000 years. Our story begins with the river Pampa (Tungabhadra), the lifeblood of a great civilization that once thrived in the southern state of Karnataka in India. Anegundi is a serene village located just opposite to Hampi, on the northern bank of the river Tungabhadra; a place where evolution, history, mythology and folklore intertwine. The name Anegundi (or Anegondi, ಆನೆಗುಂದಿ/ಆನೆಗೊಂದಿ) originates from the Kannada language, meaning “Elephant pit.” It was the early capital of the Vijayanagara empire before it was moved to Hampi, possibly deriving its name from the king’s elephant stables that were originally situated here. For more in-depth information about Hampi & the Vijayanagara empire, you can look at [here]. According to experts in earth sciences, the rock formations in this area are estimated to be around 3000 million years old, making it one of the oldest plateaus on our planet. This suggests that it was among the first locations to solidify during the earth’s cooling process. Anegundi has been identified as having traces of early human settlements. The presence of Neolithic (Stone Age) burial grounds and primitive cave paintings in this area attracts […]

Feb 26

by GOPAN NAIR in Indian architecture & Heritage, travel 20 comments tags: achyutharaya, ancient, anegundi, blog, boulder, bukka, dynasty, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, gops.org, hakka, hampi, Hazararama, hill, india, karnataka, krishnadevaraya, malyavanta, mathanga, photography, Purandara Dasa, ruins, talikota, temple, tuluva, tungabhadra, Vijayanagara, vittala, war

HAMPI, WHERE RUINS COME ALIVE !

Rivers are like the lifeblood of a nation, shaping its history and development. The ancient Vijayanagara empire, for example, thrived along the banks of rivers, with its roots intertwined with folklore and mythology when explored further. The river Pampa served as the vital artery of a magnificent civilization in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Evidence of ancient settlements can be discovered on the Northern bank of the river (Anegundi), linking back to the legendary tales of Ramayana and the monkey kingdom of Kishkindha. Explore more about Anegundi here >> The southern shores of the river were the backdrop for a sequence of conflicts and occurrences that trace back to the era of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC. The term “Hampe” in Kannada originated from “Pampa” and was later anglicized to “Hampi” under British influence. The river formerly known as Pampa is now called Tungabhadra, and it continues to flow quietly amidst the remnants of the Vijayanagara empire. This piques the interest of every traveler. What could have caused the downfall of such a great empire? The Tunga and Bhadra rivers have their source in the Western Ghats, flow across the plains of Karnataka, and converge 150 kilometers […]

Oct 31

DEVOTION, DEEP INSIDE THE JUNGLE : THIRUNELLI TEMPLE

Thirunelli MahaVishnu Temple stands as one of the most ancient and revered places of worship in Kerala. The name ‘Thiru Nelli’ translates to Holy Gooseberry tree (Amla). According to the sacred Hindu texts or puranas, Lord Brahma was captivated by the beauty of this valley and chose to descend upon it. It was then that he discovered an idol of Lord Vishnu situated on a gooseberry tree. Recognizing the divine presence of Lord Vishnu, Lord Brahma consecrated the idol at the site and bestowed blessings upon the temple, declaring it as a sanctum that absolves all sins. As a result, the water stream in this area came to be known as Papanasini. Thirunelli temple, situated in the Wayanad district of Kerala, is surrounded by the lush green mountains of the Brahmagiri ranges, which are adjacent to the Western Ghats. It is located in north Wayanad, 34 kilometers away from Mananthavady. The exact age of the temple is unknown, but historians believe it could be 3000 years old, making it one of the oldest temples in Kerala. According to popular belief, the temple was founded by Chera King Kulasekharan (AD 767 – 834). Copper plate inscriptions discovered in the area date […]

Sep 26

by GOPAN NAIR in Indian architecture & Heritage, travel 2 comments tags: Achutaraya, bangalore, day, empire, ganesh, getaway, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, gops.org, idol, Le Pakshi, Lepakshi, linga, naga, one, shiva, temple, trip, Veerabhadra, Vijayanagara, Virupanna

BANGALORE WEEKEND GETAWAY SERIES : LEPAKSHI TEMPLE

The term “Le Pakshi” in Telugu translates to “Rise, Bird”. This name originates from the epic Ramayana, where Lord Rama encounters the dying Jatayu and grants him the blessing to ascend to heaven. The ancient Hindu scripture Skandapurana identifies Lepakshi as one of the 108 significant Shaivite pilgrimage sites in Southern India. Another narrative suggests that Lepakshi was derived from ‘Lepa + Akshi’, signifying ’embalmed eye’. Lepakshi, situated around 120 km north of Bangalore, is a perfect destination for a weekend getaway. This small village in Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh, India, is located just 15 km away from Hindupur. The renowned Lepakshi Temple, dedicated to Lord Veerabhadra, a form of Shiva, was constructed during the reign of the Vijayanagara Kings (1336–1646). The temple, constructed in AD-1530 on a small hillock resembling a tortoise, is famously known as Kurma Saila. According to historical records, the temple was commissioned by two siblings named Virupanna and Viranna, who served as Governors during the rule of King Achutaraya. An intriguing tale surrounds the temple’s construction, involving Virupanna, the treasurer of the Vijayanagara Kingdom. While the King was absent, Virupanna managed the funds for the temple’s development. However, upon the King’s return during the […]

Aug 29

BANGALORE WEEKEND GETAWAY SERIES : BHOGA NANDEESHWARA TEMPLE

Bangalore city and its surrounding areas boast numerous captivating destinations perfect for a weekend getaway. Among these is the Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple, a stunning architectural marvel nestled at the base of Nandi Hills, approximately 55 kilometers from the city center. The quaint Nandi village is located 18 kilometers beyond Devanahalli (home to Bangalore International Airport) along the Bangalore-Hyderabad Highway. According to the archaeological survey of India, the original temple was constructed in the years 806-810 AD, following the typical Dravidian style by Bana Queen Ratnavali. It came under the patronage of various dynasties such as Gangas, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pallavas, Vijayanagara kings, and even Tipu Sultan in later periods. The temple has been altered by different rulers until the area fell under British control in 1799, following the demise of Tipu Sultan. There are a pair of significant shrines within the temple compound. The Arunachaleswara temple, situated in the southern corner, was commissioned by the Gangas of Talakad (<Read about it by clicking here), while the Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple, located on the northern side, was erected by the Chola Kings. A sculpture depicting a king can be observed within the temple complex, thought to be that of Rajendra Chola. The Bhoga […]

Jun 18

KOTACHADRI : ADVENTURE MEETS WITH DEVOTION

Kodachadri, situated in the Western Ghats in the Shimoga district of Karnataka, is undeniably one of the most stunning tourist spots in India. A visit to Kodachadri could be an unforgettable experience for nature lovers, hikers, photographers, and thrill-seeking drivers. It is located 1343 meters above sea level and is approximately 30 kilometers away from the temple town Kollur. The area is surrounded by verdant hills and is home to a diverse range of wildlife and tropical flora. The valley has been designated as a natural heritage site by the state government. The term Kodachadri (Kodachadri in Kannada, Kutajadri in Sanskrit, and Malayalam കുടജാദ്രി) originates from the Sanskrit words ‘Kutaja’ and ‘Adri’. Kutaja refers to a species of Mountain Jasmine flower (കുടകപ്പാല, Kutakappaala or Giri-Mallika) while Adri signifies a hill. The Kutaja plant also possesses Ayurvedic medicinal qualities. The breathtaking vista from the summit of Kodachadri peak is captivating. The peak can be reached via a challenging trekking path spanning approximately 9 to 12 km through thick woodland. This trek is designed for individuals in good physical condition and necessitates authorization from the forest department. Alternatively, it can be accessed via a 30 km off-road jeep route from Kollur town. […]

POETRY IN STONE : MADANIKAS OF BELUR

The Hoysala empire is named after a legend from Kannada folklore, which narrates the tale of a brave young man named Sala who courageously defeated a lion (or tiger) to protect his Master Sudatta. In Kannada language, “Hoy, Sala” translates to “Strike Sala,” which eventually became the moniker of the dynasty he established. This heroic event is symbolized in the emblem of the Hoysala empire. Visitors are greeted by a statue depicting Sala’s battle with the lion at the entrance of the Chennakesava temple in Belur. The construction of the temple took place under the reign of Vishnuvardhana from the Hoysala dynasty in the 12th century AD. As per the myth, the main architects of Chennakeshava Temple were ‘Amarashilpi Jakanacharya’ and his son ‘Dankanacharya’. For more information on the history of Belur & Halebid, please refer to my comprehensive article by clicking here. The Chennakesava temple is renowned for its intricate carvings, sculptures, and motifs that embellish the outer walls. Among these, the most famous and exquisite are the 42 well-crafted bracket figures known as Madanikas (Chaste Maidens or Salabhanjikas). While 38 of these figures are positioned outside the temple, the remaining 4 can be admired within its sacred walls. […]

May 18

A SNEAK PEAK INTO HOYSALA HISTORY : BELAVADI & ARSIKERE

‘Hoy, Sala !” in Kannada means “Strike Sala!”, a phrase derived from Kannada folklore. Legend has it that a young boy named Sala fought a lion (or tiger) to save his Jain Guru named Sudatta. This valiant warrior later founded the Hoysala empire, with the depiction of this event becoming the emblem of the Hoysala dynasty. The Hoysala Empire governed the Deccan Plateau area in Southern India from the 10th to the 14th centuries. They crafted a unique architectural style and constructed numerous remarkable structures throughout their realm, thereby influencing the culture of the region. Many of these architectural marvels can still be found in Karnataka, with the most notable ones listed as follows: Click the name of a temple to go through a photo tour. TEMPLE / PLACE YEAR KING Chennakesava Belur 1117 Vishnuvardhana Hoysaleswara Halebidu 1120 Vishnuvardhana Kedareshwara Halebidu 1200 Veera Ballala II Veeranarayana Belavadi 1200 Veera Ballala II Ishvara (Shivalaya) Arsikere 1200 Veera Ballala II Kesava Somanathapura 1268 Narasimha III Click the name of a temple to go through a photo tour. VEERA NARAYANA TEMPLE, BELAVADI Belavadi, a quaint village positioned 10 kilometers to the northwest of Halebid (Halebeedu), the former capital of the Hoysala kingdom, […]

FACE TO FACE WITH HISTORY :: BELUR & HALEBID

Belur (ಬೇಲೂರು in the Kannada language) which served as the former capital of the Hoysala Empire and Halebidu, situated 16 kilometers from Belur, both part of the Hassan district are prominent tourist spots in Karnataka. Belur is positioned along the banks of the Yagachi River, a tributary of the Kaveri River. The distance between Belur and Bangalore is approximately 222 kilometers. Belur’s primary highlight is the Chennakesava temple, renowned for its intricate carvings and Hoysala craftsmanship. The name ‘Chenna’ Kesava translates to ‘Handsome Vishnu’, the principal deity of the temple, enshrined at the heart of the temple complex, flanked by the Kappe Chennigraya temple and several other shrines. Constructed by King Vishnuvardhana in 1117 CE to commemorate his triumph over the Cholas at Talakkad (read it here), the temple’s construction is said to have spanned 103 years according to legend. The intricate and detailed carving style is commonly found in the Hoysala temples of Karnataka, depicting scenes from Hindu mythology, contemporary culture, art forms, and weaponry. Soapstone ((steatite or talc-schist)) is the material of choice for carving, providing a remarkable finish. The softness of soapstone allows for shaping even with finger nails, and instead of the traditional hammer and chiselling […]

Jan 27

GREAT INDIAN ARCHITECTURE SERIES :: SOMANATHPURA

The Chennakesava Temple was built in 1268 C.E by Soma, a Dandanayaka (commander) in the Hoysala Kingdom during the rule of King Narasimha III. The intricate and detailed carving style is commonly found in the Hoysala temples of Karnataka, depicting scenes from Hindu mythology, contemporary culture, art forms, and weaponry. Soapstone ((steatite or talc-schist)) is the material of choice for carving, providing a remarkable finish. The softness of soapstone allows for shaping even with finger nails, and instead of the traditional hammer and chiselling process, many pillars and sculptures were created using lathe turning or scraping motion of the tools. A touch of polishing with oil would bring out a lifelike appearance in them. The side walls are intricately carved with depictions of cavalry, elephants, and scenes from epics such as Mahabharat, Ramayan, and Bhagavat. The sculptures show extreme attention to detail, reflecting the culture, clothing, dances, jewelry, weaponry, and more of that era. Research students can gain valuable insights into the history of the period through these carvings. This Vaishnava temple faces east and is surrounded by a strong boundary wall (prakara). It features three shrines (trikuta) built on a star-shaped platform (jagati). The temple’s beauty rivals that of […]